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		<title><![CDATA[最新发表 曙光——中法科学界的交流平台]]></title> 
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		<copyright><![CDATA[曙光]]></copyright>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/241</link>
			<title><![CDATA[拉康]]></title>
			<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>不论是在临床界还是在理论界，法国著名的精神分析学家雅克&bull;拉康（Jacques Lacan）给整个时代的法国和全世界知识分子留下了深刻的印记。</strong><br /><br /><strong>这位弗洛伊德学派的创新者在去世三十年后，还始终受到极大关注，并让后人对他的创新理念和思想财富进行思考。纵观拉康的全部思想是一段极为漫长的旅程。作为精神分析研究的圣地，巴黎接纳来自全世界的大学生，尤其是传播拉康精神分析法的巴黎八大（Universit&eacute; de Paris VIII）使拉康思想向全世界辐射。</strong><br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 雅克&bull;拉康著文集的发表是精神分析史和思想史上的一件大事。2011年秋季，正值法国这位伟大的精神分析学家、西格蒙德&bull;弗洛伊德的继承人辞世三十周年之际，巴黎各界知识名流（还有波尔多、南特、斯特拉斯堡、纽约及特拉维夫等地）举办了大量的纪念活动：出版、讲座、阅读、研讨会和追思会。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;雅克&bull;拉康曾经笔耕不辍。那么雅克&bull;拉康是谁？他首先是一位精神科大夫，在那个医生垄断全部话语全的年代，将话语权重新交给精神病患者，倾听患者讲述自己的故事。这位专门治疗精神病患者的年轻临床主治医生曾在其工作的圣-安娜医院高墙上留下过如此奇特的语言：&ldquo;不是谁想疯就能疯的&rdquo;。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 雅克-玛丽&bull;爱弥尔&bull;拉康1901年4月13日出生在巴黎一个保守的、笃信天主教的家庭。在巴黎斯坦尼斯拉斯中学（coll&egrave;ge Stanislas）求学期间熟习拉丁文和希腊文，对哲学有着浓厚的兴趣，特别是对斯宾诺莎（Spinoza）和黑格尔（Hegel）。在与那个年代的科学家和作家们保持密切联系的同时他选择了医学，并师从加埃坦&bull;盖丁&bull;德&bull;克莱朗博尔（Ga&euml;tan Gatian de Cl&eacute;rambault）。拉康在1966年曾称克莱朗博尔是他在精神病学领域中唯一的导师。1932年，拉康的精神病学博士论文答辩部分反映出他经常接触的超现实主义文学艺术家们对他的影响，如萨尔瓦多&bull;达利（Salvador Dali）、安德烈&bull;布勒东（Andr&eacute; Breton）、 雅克&bull;普雷维（Jacques Pr&eacute;vert）、保尔&bull;艾吕雅（Paul Eluard）、特里斯坦&bull;查拉（Tristan Tzara）等。那年夏天，他与鲁道夫&bull;卢温斯坦（Rudolph Lowenstein）一起，在法国精神分析协会从事精神分析工作。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 雅克&bull;拉康始终是一个很独特的人。他的语言、行为、举止都与众不同，集夸张、另类、好煽动、纨绔、风度翩翩于一身。他的雪茄、领结、手势的含义和演讲口才有着极高的知名度。拉康无疑是一位令人琢磨不透的人。正如哲学家、精神分析家，同时又是拉康女婿的雅克-阿兰&bull;米勒（Jacques-Alain Miller）所说：&ldquo;不是谁愿意就能成为拉康的&rdquo; 。拉康酷爱绘画收藏，他的藏品中有一幅是著名画家居斯塔夫&bull;库尔贝（Gustave Courbet）的作品《世界之源》（L'Origine du monde）。他还喜欢创造新词，与文字做游戏，将其重组。据研究人员记录在册的拉康词汇多达759个。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1936年，拉康在马里安巴（译注：Marienbad，捷克的温泉城）做了著名的《论镜像阶段》讲座。在巴黎，拉康频繁光顾文学艺术场所。在上世纪五十年代，拉康偏重结构主义和语言学研究，更靠近费尔迪南&bull;德&bull;索绪尔（Ferdinand de Saussure）、克洛德&bull;列维-斯特劳斯（Claude L&eacute;vi-Strauss）和罗曼&bull;雅各布森（Roman Jakobson），他曾说&ldquo;无意识象语言一样是有结构的&rdquo;。一门语言有自己的规则、句法结构和内在特点，这句话运用语言学工具，使弗洛伊德教学法有新的解读，在拉康理论形成中成为中心内容。它以&ldquo;结构&rdquo;一词表明了拉康的结构主义分析法，说明精神分析是同&ldquo;说&rdquo;相关联的，是语言的实验。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1953年，拉康引入 了&ldquo;真实、象征、想象&rdquo; 三概念，日后成为其著作中最基本的思想。在其《博罗米结》（N&oelig;ud borrom&eacute;en）一书中介绍了这三者功能的相互交错性。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 法国的知识界对拉康极其崇拜，从1953年起至1979年，各阶层文人每周三都去参加拉康讲座，聆听他的演讲。起初在圣-安娜医院举办，后来在巴黎高等师范学院和索尔邦大学。当时大家都知道，拉康不写作，但是他演讲。他在其神秘的工作室中（坐落在巴黎里尔街5号）进行短时或即时诊疗。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 许许多多的患者（神经官能症、抑郁症、精神病）在拉康的精神分析诊疗中获得了通往最佳心理和谐的自然力，并愿意活下去，这是最重要的意义所在。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 63岁那年，雅克&bull;拉康创办了自己的学校：弗洛伊德学院。1966年出版的《拉康文集》带给他更高的声望，使他成为结构主义代表人物之一，与克洛德&bull;列维-斯特劳斯（Claude L&eacute;vi-Strauss）、罗兰&bull;巴特（Roland Barthes）和米歇尔&bull;福柯（Michel Foucault）齐名。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 几年之后，拉康指定朱迪&bull;拉康（Judith Lacan）的丈夫、他的女婿雅克-阿兰&bull;米勒为其著作的继承人，负责将他的口头演讲全部编辑成文出版。米勒本人和他的妻子将他们的生命都奉献给了雅克&bull;拉康的知识遗产，2011年编辑出版了《拉康演讲第十九集》和《我对着墙讲话》。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这位&ldquo;大师&rdquo;至今依然在散发着他的气场。那么他留给我们的遗产是什么呢？ 是独创性的精神探索，引发了语言和习俗的解放，使一切意义上的解放获得飞跃。还将他闪光的名言留给我们：&ldquo;风格即其人&rdquo;、&ldquo;欲望即他者的欲望&rdquo;，以及&ldquo;不存在性关系&rdquo;等等。精神分析学脱颖于生物学和心理学。拉康让我们对欲望和性有了另外的解读，因为在拉康看来，人的性欲不是器官问题，而是语言问题。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 巴黎现在依然是精神分析研究的圣地。巴黎八大（昔日的文森实验中心）的精神分析学系由雅克&bull;拉康创建，接纳来自世界各地的大学生。该系培养的硕士研究生使拉康派临床精神分析法得以传播并辐射到全世界。这是一门与法国文化有着特殊关联的学科。<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 雅克&bull;拉康于1981年9月9日与世长辞，享年80岁。他曾说，精神分析学只有在创新中才能传承。拉康是法国知识界最近代的精神分析学思想大师之一。他不掩饰自己的实践，从不要求别人以他的方式研究，这是传承的条件。临终前，他在病床上吐出了最后三个字：&ldquo;我固执&rdquo;。<br /><br />阿尼克&bull;边奇尼（Annik Bianchini）文， 朱祥英译</p>
<p>来自： <a href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/la-france/culture-medias-et-loisirs/culture/dossiers-19352/divers/article/lacan-trente-ans-apres-une-oeuvre">Actualit&eacute; en France N&deg; 46 d&eacute;cembre 2011</a></p>
<p>相关网站：<br />弗洛伊德事业学院： <a title="www.causefreudienne.net" href="http://www.causefreudienne.net" target="_blank">www.causefreudienne.net</a> <br />巴黎八大：<a title="www.univ-paris8.fr" href="http://www.univ-paris8.fr" target="_blank">www.univ-paris8.fr</a><br /><br /><br /></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/233</link>
			<title><![CDATA[Beginning of the submissions for Cai YuanPei and Xu GuangQi fundings]]></title>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]> 
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<p>In order to initiate, support and develop cooperation between French and Chinese scientists, the Embassy of France in China propose two financial supports : the Xu GuangQi funding and the Cai YuanPei funding.</p>
<p>The Xu GuangQi funding and the Cai YuanPei funding are supporting two different levels of scientific cooperation between France and China. For both grants, candidates will be evaluated on scientific excellence, innovation and dynamism of the teams.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Xu GuangQi funding:</strong></span></p>
<p>- This funding provides a financial help in the early stage projects development to encourage the mobility of scientists between France and China. <br />- Application deadline: 2012/03/06<br />- More informations and application on: <a title="Xu GuangQi funding" href="http://www.egide.asso.fr/jahia/Jahia/lang/en/accueil/appels/phc/appelphc/xuguangqi" target="_blank">http://www.egide.asso.fr/jahia/Jahia/lang/en/accueil/appels/phc/appelphc/xuguangqi</a></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Cai YuanPei funding:</strong></span></p>
<p>- This funding provides a financial support for joint PhD projects between french and chinese laboratories.<br />- Application deadline: 2012/03/20<br />- More informations and application on: <a title="Cai YuanPei funding" href="http://www.egide.asso.fr/jahia/Jahia/lang/en/accueil/appels/phc/appelphc/caiyuanpei" target="_blank">http://www.egide.asso.fr/jahia/Jahia/accueil/appels/phc/appelphc/caiyuanpei</a></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/248</link>
			<title><![CDATA[2 job positions available in Tactineo China]]></title>
			<pubDate>Mon, 20 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p>Tactineo China is a French origin company, specialized in multitouch solutions for retail companies. Tactineo has some aggressive growth plans for the Chinese Domestic Market. 2 job positions are available:<br />- director of sales and marketing;<br />- senior software development engineer.</p>
<p>Job offers enclosed.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/247</link>
			<title><![CDATA[Training Seminar in Museology, 29 June - 07 July 2012 MNHN, Paris (France)]]></title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p>The annual Training Seminar in Museology organised by the French Mus&eacute;um National  d&rsquo;Histoire Naturelle for professionals from foreign science and natural history  museums will take place on June 29 to July 7, 2012. As in 2010 and 2011, it is  specifically organized for Chinese-speaking museum professionals.<br /><br />You  will find here enclosed the announcement of the seminar and its  preliminary program. The registration form and general information on MNHN are  online, in Chinese, on the MNHN web site : <a title="http://www.mnhn.fr/museology-workshop" href="http://www.mnhn.fr/museology-workshop" target="_blank">http://www.mnhn.fr/museology-workshop</a><br /><br />The deadline for registration is <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>March 23, 2012</strong></span>. Since  the number of participants is limited to 25, applications will be processed in  their order of arrival.<br /><br /></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/246</link>
			<title><![CDATA[Call for applications of the European project RBUCE-UP]]></title>
			<pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p>UniverSud Paris, associate member of the Paris-Saclay Campus, signed up last December with the European Union a European project for the recruitment of 26 international research talents by University of Paris-Sud-11, University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, University Evry-Val-d'Essonne, Ecole Centrale Paris and ENS Cachan.<br /><br />These organisations are making an investment of nearly 6 millions euros, as part of a policy based on scientific excellence and attractiveness to the 5 host organisations.<br /><br />The RBUCE-UP project also aims to strengthen institutional collaboration for better international visibility by sharing investment and media partners. It is part of the new recruitment opportunities provided by the autonomy given recently to&nbsp;&nbsp; French institutions of higher education and research.<br /><br />The RBUCE-UP project is looking for 20 juniors and 6 seniors experienced talents to strengthen international relations of UniverSud members, providing fellows opportunities for their careers, attractive compensation and&nbsp; research means. RBUCE-UP&rsquo; fellows will be employed for a 2-year long period. The RBUCE-UP project&nbsp; includes also a welcome plan of researchers in France. An active collaboration with Science Accueil Association is established for a better monitoring of the arrival and stay of researchers. 107 laboratories, with numerous international awards to their credit have pledged to host a researcher and have appointed a dedicated contact person. A large diffusion of the open calls in scientific journals, websites, social networks and through French ambassies, is in progress. At the same time, laboratories involved in the project actively participate in the spreading of the calls during scientific congresses or symposiums.</p>
<p>For more informations: <a title="http://www.universud-paris.fr/emails/rbuce-up_1.html" href="http://www.universud-paris.fr/emails/rbuce-up_1.html">http://www.universud-paris.fr/emails/rbuce-up_1.html</a></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/242</link>
			<title><![CDATA[Faculty Positions for Experimental Nuclear and Particle Physics]]></title>
			<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p>The Center for Particle Science and Technology (CPST) at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is one of the leading research centers in China for experimental nuclear and particle physics. We manage the State Key Laboratory for Particle Detection and Electronics. The USTC is now launching a major initiative aimed at building a first-class education and research program in nuclear and particle sciences and technologies.<br /><br />We invite applications with strong academic backgrounds in experimental nuclear and particle physics from all nationalities for professorship of the &ldquo;Thousand Talents Program, Type C&rdquo; -- a talent recruitment program of the Chinese central government for outstanding oversea young scientists. Candidates with hardware experiences on non-accelerator based experiments, such as neutrinos, dark matter, proton decays, magnetic monopole, and stroparticle physics, are particularly encouraged to apply.</p>
<p>For further informations, see the file enclosed.</p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/243</link>
			<title><![CDATA[法国海洋城瑟堡：人类海底探险之旅]]></title>
			<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 从</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1800</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年富尔顿（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Robert Fulton</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）的&ldquo;鹦鹉螺号&rdquo;（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Nautilus</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）艇潜入水下</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米深，到</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年的&ldquo;阿基米德号&rdquo;（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Archim&egrave;de</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）艇潜至水下</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">9545</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米深，海洋城让观众浸润在人类探索海底世界的国际历史中。通过实物、图片、模型等讲述那些极限潜水者们挑战海洋，探索这个至今存在很多谜团有待澄清的沉默世界。法国、美国、俄罗斯以及日本的载人潜水器并列展出：阿基米德潜水艇及其载人球体舱、毕比（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Beebe</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）与巴顿（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Barton</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）的球型深海潜水器、&ldquo;环球号&rdquo;、&ldquo;鹦鹉号&rdquo;</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">、潜水艇等等。配有众多的详细数据：最深下潜能力、载人舱直径、船组人员数量等；同时还讲述许多有关潜水的故事，让观众了解这些极为特殊的潜水状况和工具。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">人与技术的历史</span></strong><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">海底展览还将很大空间留给那些重要的海底探索者们，&ldquo;请他们来到&rdquo;海洋城介绍他们的历史。威廉&middot;毕比在此&ldquo;讲述&rdquo;了他是怎样打破潜水纪录的：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1934</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年，他在一个直径</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1. 45</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米的探海球中潜至</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">900</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米深的水中，有一根缆绳将探海球与水面连接。就是在这个潜水器中，他与奥蒂斯&middot;巴顿一道，成为第一个深入海沟探索的先驱。这两位探索者还是这个探海球的发明者，后人依据他们的发明设计出了更加安全、性能更好的潜水器。现在这个探海球被复制安放在展览会的多媒体资料中心前面，在观众们眼前展示它的演变发展过程。</span></p>
<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">深海探索历史上的杰出人物在展会上逐一现身：</span></p>
<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;- </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">奥古斯特&middot;<span>皮卡德（</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Auguste Piccard</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）：</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">海底探险家，曾激发了作家埃尔热（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Herg&eacute;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）的灵感，在他的丁丁历险记丛书中，成为《向日葵教授绑架案》中的人物。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1932</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年，皮卡德乘坐自己研制的</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">密闭式吊舱升空气球，成功升上</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">16,200</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米的高空，打破了高空探险考察的记录。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">之后又向海底进军，将这技术移植到海底探险中。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1948</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年研制出他的第一个深海观察潜水器，取名为&ldquo;</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">FNRS II</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">&rdquo;。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1953</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年又研制出著名的&ldquo;的里斯雅特号&rdquo;（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Trieste</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）深海潜水器，并驾驶它潜至</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">3150</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米深的海底。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">奥古斯特&middot;<span>皮卡德是上世纪五十年代，在深海赛跑中的主要探险家之一；</span></span></p>
<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>- </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">法国潜水公司（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Comex</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）的创始人、勇敢的亨利&middot;日耳曼&middot;德罗兹（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Henri Germain Delauze</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）是深海饱和潜水领域的主要创新者之一，</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1968</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">月，他成为第一位饱和潜水至</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">335</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米深度之人。他来到现场向我们介绍深海潜水的历史和他自己的经历；</span></p>
<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>- </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">保罗</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">-</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">亨利&middot;纳若莱（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Paul-Henri Nargeolet</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）至今对寻找&ldquo;泰坦尼克号&rdquo;沉船的经历记忆犹新。纳若莱曾在法国海军服役</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年，专门从事扫雷、潜水和深海作业，曾在法国海洋开发研究院工作过十年。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1987</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年，作为搜寻&ldquo;泰坦尼克号&rdquo;沉船队伍中稀有的法国人之一，乘坐&ldquo;鹦鹉螺号&rdquo;潜艇，潜入到</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">3800</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米深的海底进行首次探险。保罗</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">-</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">亨利&middot;纳若莱目前在美国生活，</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2010</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年秋最后一次参加了家喻户晓的远洋探险考察。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">人与机器在这场独一无二的、极具象征意义的展览会上讲述着深海探索者们的英雄史诗。到海洋城瑟堡来发现吧！</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">黛尔芬&middot;巴莱斯（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Delphine BARRAIS</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）文，</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">朱祥英译</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">海洋城网站：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.citedelamer.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.citedelamer.com/</span></a></span></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/244</link>
			<title><![CDATA[打击假药制售，法国站在第一线]]></title>
			<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><!   /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在非洲大陆的某个中等城市，成箱的药品摆放在市场货架上出售。这些药品比专门药房卖得便宜，它们对不享受社保的病人，或者万分需要获得治疗的病人有着极大的诱惑力。距此数千公里之外的某个欧盟国家，一位男人在某个网页上用鼠标点击几下就买到了治阳萎的药。但他们都成了假药罪恶交易的受害者。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">在这些假药说明中，功效与真药无异。而大量假药中并不含有效成分，或只含微量药效，因此，病人没有得到应有的治疗，影响了疾病的治愈。更多情况下可以认定，这些含有面粉和糖，有时甚至含重金属或石粉的药品是有毒的，会损害健康甚至杀人。非洲与亚洲是大多数假药的销售地，通常以抗生素或抗疟疾药为名出售。这些产品在市场上非法销售，或通过互联网销售，甚至越来越多地通过官方分配的渠道销售。据世界卫生组织估计，通过互联网销售的药品有百分之五十是假药。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">有利可图的市场</span></strong><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">犯罪组织的假药非法交易是一个获利极高的市场，全球年交易额超过</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">500</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">亿欧元。首先是因为假药与其它许多产品相比更容易造假。其次，与毒品交易不同的是假药的使用人数可能无法估量；我们中每个人都有可能在某一天使用了假药。此外，假药交易比其它许多犯罪活动更有利可图：其利润之高超过海洛因交易十倍；超过香烟走私五倍。实际上，在很多国家，假药交易的司法风险微乎其微，惩处通常只是简单的罚款。那些假药可能在亚洲生产，而说明书却在中美洲制作，以便销往北欧或非洲。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">这对遍布世界各地的犯罪网造假是极为有利的，任何人都难以免受其害。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">法国的积极行动</span></strong><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">长期以来，为方便人们获得药品救助，尤其是在发展中国家，法国积极行动，坚决打击假药制售。自</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2006</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年起，法国开征国际机票互助税，是</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">国际药品采购便利机制（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Unitaid</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）的发起国。今天，法国已经成为该机制的主要贡献国，其</span><span>60%</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">的资金由法国贡献。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">目前，法国与欧盟伙伴国家一道积极努力，促使世界卫生组织对&ldquo;假药&rdquo;作出界定，</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">这是国际社会认知公共卫生领域真实问题迈出的一大步。因为当务之急的关键问题是让一些国家，尤其是贫困国家意识到，假药危害所有人健康的严峻风险，并引起消费者的警觉，免受假药之害。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">在法国和《希拉克基金会》的倡议下，今年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">月在瓦加杜古（布基纳法索）召开了一次圆桌会议。西非诸多政府合作伙伴云集于此。目前已初见成果，众多与会国家都已积极行动起来。针对湄公河流域各药店所销售的药品中，</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">12%</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">可能是假药的现状，法国着手进行了另一项创举。法国任命、委派了一位打击假药的特使，积极协助老挝、柬埔寨、泰国和越南政府遏制假药交易。将假药危害健康的风险告知民众无疑是重中之重，但也应该鼓励所有相关部门的联手合作，如警方、海关和司法部门，从源头上遏制犯罪组织的非法交易。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">加强打击力度</span></strong><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">实际上，防止假药制售还需辅之相应的打击力度。正是为此，欧洲委员会于</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2010</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">12</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">月起草了打击制售假药的国际公约。这是一个国际法律框架，以规范对药品交易违法的司法界定，并就此问题开展警方与司法的合作。截止到今年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">月</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">28</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">日，已经有</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">12</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">个国家签署了国际公约。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">&nbsp;世界卫生组织定期召集各个国家的各类专家开会，确定全球层面的战略。国际刑警组织也已处于戒备状态，并已采取了多项大规模行动，定期对假药实施查封。消费者的警惕性与各国国家层面的积极举措，以及公安和海关的参与相结合是遏制这一新形式犯罪的有力盾牌。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">&nbsp;帕斯卡尔&middot;贝尔纳德（</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">Pascale Bernard</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）文，</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">朱祥英译</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Source: minist&egrave;re des Affaires &eacute;trang&egrave;res et europ&eacute;ennes,  朱祥英译</span></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/245</link>
			<title><![CDATA[实时追踪火山灰云，计划成为现实]]></title>
			<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &ldquo;我们在探空气球上安装气溶胶测量仪，追踪火山灰云。迄今为止，我们还没有比这性能更好、更轻便、更可操作的工具&rdquo;，法国环境与空间物理化学实验室</span><sup><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">研究员让</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">-</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">巴普蒂斯特&middot;热纳尔（</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">Jean-Baptiste Renard</span></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）这样强调。将气溶胶测量工具放置在探空气球上测量大气中的微尘，这个想法并不是今天才有的。从上世纪六十年代开始，科学家们就研究距离地面</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">60</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">公里高度，悬浮在大气中的这些液态或固态微粒。气溶胶来自工业生产、公路运输或火山爆发乃至星际尘埃。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">在很长时期内，由于探测气溶胶工具本身的重量，必须要有足够大的气球才能将其升空，在离地面</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">40</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">公里处的高空中完成测量工作。</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">&ldquo;而超过</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">3</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">公斤重的气球悬挂物升空必须获得专门的许可，因为悬挂物坠落是有风险的，并且不易操作。在发生坠落的情况下是很难在瞬间做出反应的。为此，我们必须设置一个重量不超过</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">3</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">公斤、能够悬挂于探测球上的轻便探测系统&rdquo;，让</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">-</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">巴普蒂斯特&middot;热纳尔这样解释。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></em><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">但是我们受到很大的限制，这个测量工具必须是既轻便又具备很高的性能，可以连续工作数小时，造价又不能很高。</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">2010</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">4</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">月发生在冰岛的火山爆发加速了这一工具的制造进程，使需求变得更加紧迫。</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">2010</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">年底，让</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">-</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">巴普蒂斯特&middot;热纳尔的研制计划获得国家科研署的通过，多家合作伙伴云集于法国环境与空间物理化学实验室，它们是：环境监测与分析仪器公司（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">Environnement-SA<sup>2&nbsp;</sup></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）；气候与环境科学实验室（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">Laboratoire des Sciences, du Climat et de l&rsquo;Environnement<sup>3</sup></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）；法国大气环境实验室（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">Laboratoire d&rsquo;A&eacute;rologie<sup>4</sup></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）；法国国家空间研究中心（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">Centre national d&rsquo;&eacute;tude spatial<sup>5</sup></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）。</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">大气测量工具研制计划于</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">2011</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">年启动，法国国家空间研究中心承担气球研制，让</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">-</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">巴普蒂斯特&middot;热纳尔领导的团队承担测量工具的研制。<strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal;">&ldquo;最终，我们成功研制出了小型气溶胶光学测量仪，命名为《</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">LOAC</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">》，它可以将各类数据传送到地面。根据测量仪传来的数据，研究人员能够就气溶胶的数量和性质等主要问题作出解析：是液态还是固态？是否含有来自燃烧后的碳粒子？是尘埃还是火山灰？</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">&rdquo;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">等等。</span></strong><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;</span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2011</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">7</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">月和</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">8</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">月在冰岛和瑞典北部进行的四次试验升空都非常有说服力。悬挂在气球上的测量仪能够从空中</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">30</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">公里的高度将测量数据输送到地面。气球操作简便，放飞没有任何困难。目前，企业合作伙伴正在考虑批量生产的必要方式和资金来源，因为已经有越来越明确的需求。法国国家科学研究院</span><strong><sup><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">6</span></sup></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">的两个科研项目已明确告知需要此工具：一项名为</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">TraqA</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">计划，</span></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">是在</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">2012</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">年进行大气污染研究，在法国南部的福斯港（</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">Fos-sur-Mer</span></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）测量工业污染状况；另一项名为</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Charmex</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">计划</span><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">，更偏重于研究沙尘如何在撒哈拉沙漠与欧洲之间运动，以及关于地中海盆地的工业污染状况。</span></strong><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">为了使这一装置得到气象工作者们的偏爱，我们下阶段的工作是将&ldquo;</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">LOAC</span></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">&rdquo;气溶胶测量仪的重量再减少几十克，并且安装在能到达对流层、连续停留多日的气球上，对其进行测试。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><br /> <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">我们希望能够将这种工具安装在增压气球上，升至大气边界层（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">0</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">至</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">1</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">公里高度，直接受地面影响的大气层），以便追踪火山灰云粒子向大气层运动的整个过程，从而实时评估其变化情况&rdquo;，国家空间研究中心对流层气球研究部负责人尼古拉&middot;维尔迪（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">Nicolas Verdier</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）已经开始做这样的规划。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">&nbsp;黛尔芬&middot;巴莱斯（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">Delphine Barrais</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）文，</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">朱祥英译</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;1 <em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.lpce.cnrs-orleans.fr/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.lpce.cnrs-orleans.fr</span></a></span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: normal;">2 <a href="http://www.environnement-sa.fr/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.environnement-sa.fr/</span></a></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: normal;">3 <a href="http://www.cea.fr/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.cea.fr</span></a></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: normal;">4 </span></em><cite><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.aero.obs-mip.fr/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.aero.obs-mip.fr/</span></a></span></cite></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><cite><span style="font-family: Arial;">5 <a href="http://www.cnes.fr/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.cnes.fr</span></a></span></cite></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><cite><span style="font-family: Arial;">6 <a href="http://www.cnrs.fr/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.cnrs.fr</span></a></span></cite></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000;">Source: minist&egrave;re des Affaires &eacute;trang&egrave;res et europ&eacute;ennes,  朱祥英译</span></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/238</link>
			<title><![CDATA[International Master & Doctoral Program - UNEP TONGJI Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development]]></title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">IESD   will welcome its ten-year-anniversary in 2012, and  IESD has enrolled   104 international Master students and 30 Ph.D students from  more than   30 countries. Besides of all the courses are taught in English, IESD    has abundant internship resources for our candidates. Many excellent and    hard-working students have been offered internships in international    organizations. Most of the graduates have obtained position in the   ministries of  environment or energy in their home countries,   international organizations like  UNEP, UNDP and other NGOs. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In 2012, IESD will keep running the following  programs:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; text-indent: -21pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">Master  Program in Environmental Management and Sustainable  Development</span></em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; text-indent: -21pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">Doctoral  Program in Environmental Management and Sustainable  Development</span></em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">And new programs as  following:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; text-indent: -21pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">International  Master&rsquo;s Program in Environmental  Engineering</span></em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; text-indent: -21pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">International  Master&rsquo;s Program in Environmental Laws</span></em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; text-indent: -21pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">International  Master&rsquo;s Program in International Politics and Environmental  Governance</span></em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; text-indent: -21pt; line-height: 170%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">International  Master&rsquo;s Program in Green Environment and Energy Economics </span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">(Sino-Italy)<br /> </span></em></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%;" lang="EN-US">The  deadline for application is 31<sup>th</sup> May 2011. Please kindly find more  information in the attachment or at </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 170%; font-family: 宋体;" lang="EN-US"><a title="http://unep-iesd.tongji.edu.cn/" href="http://unep-iesd.tongji.edu.cn/" target="_blank"><span style="line-height: 170%; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" title="http://unep-iesd.tongji.edu.cn/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">http://unep-iesd.tongji.edu.cn/</span></span></span></a></span></span></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/239</link>
			<title><![CDATA[Imagine foundation - Institute of genetic diseases]]></title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Genetic diseases are known as the first cause of pediatric hospitalisation in France and considered as a major public health issue. More than 35 million people are concerned in Europe and 30 million in the USA.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp;</span><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">&nbsp;</span></em><em>Imagine</em> is a unique institute which performs state-of-the-art research in order  to better understand genetic diseases and to bring faster to patients  and their families the diagnostic and therapeutic solutions they are  waiting for.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The <em>Imagine</em> Foundation aims to run a scientific and medical project of excellence,  by organizing, structuring and developing on the campus on  Necker-Enfants malades Hospital in Paris, research, care and teaching  activities focused on genetic diseases from childhood to adulthood.</p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><strong><em>Imagine</em>&rsquo;s development plan revolves around 4 main themes:</strong></strong></span><br /> <br /></p>
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<td align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;">1.  Closeness of research and care teams which is essential to the  implementation of an organization articulated around effectiveness,  thanks to the construction of a new building dedicated to genetic  diseases in 2013.</span></td>
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<td align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;">2. Availability of an innovative and effective technological platform for our scientists.</span></td>
<td><img style="width: 100px; height: 67px;" src="http://www.fondationimagine.org/Portals/0/Imagine/Articles/Mission_et_objectifs2.jpg" alt="" width="100" height="67" /></td>
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<td><img style="width: 100px; height: 85px;" src="http://www.fondationimagine.org/Portals/0/Imagine/Articles/Mission_et_objectifs3.jpg" alt="" width="100" height="85" /></td>
<td align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;">3. Broadening of the  field of competence of Necker&rsquo;s 520 scientists, doctors, engineers and  technicians, thanks to the welcome from 2013 onwards of international  new talented teams, especially in the fields of developmental biology,  neurosciences and stem cells differentiation.</span></td>
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<td align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;">4.  Settlement of partnerships between public and private research to  accelerate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic solutions.</span></td>
<td align="justify"><img style="width: 100px; height: 68px;" src="http://www.fondationimagine.org/Portals/0/Imagine/Articles/Mission_et_objectifs4.jpg" alt="" width="100" height="68" /></td>
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<p>More inforamtions on : http://www.fondationimagine.org/uk.aspx</p>]]></description>
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			<title><![CDATA[Recruitment campaign INRIA]]></title>
			<pubDate>Mon, 16 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p>At the interface of informatics and mathematics, 3,400 researchers located in Inria&rsquo;s eight research centers work, along with their academic and industrial partners from around the world, on the science and technologies of tomorrow.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>In 2012, there will be two different ways to join an Inria team: <br />-&shy; 20 tenured researcher and research director positions, filled on the basis of competitive calls, intended for junior or senior profiles wanting to invest in medium -&shy;or long-&shy; term research and interested in exploring the multiple aspects of a research project. <br /><br />-&shy; 8 research positions consisting of three-&shy;year renewable contracts for innovative international profiles attracted by the excellence of the research produced at Inria: starting positions (after the thesis or a post-&shy;doctoral experience) or advanced positions (at&nbsp; least eight years' experience after the thesis). These positions are real career boosters giving you an opportunity to enrich your experience in a particularly stimulating environment.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
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			<title><![CDATA[SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT Initiatives - Institut de France Awards]]></title>
			<pubDate>Tue, 10 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p style="font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">Gabriel  de Broglie, Chancellor of the Institut de France, and Jean-Louis Chaussade,  Chairman of the FONDS SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT INITIATIVES and CEO of SUEZ  ENVIRONNEMENT, have the pleasure to announce the launch of the SUEZ  ENVIRONNEMENT Initiatives - Institut de France Award.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">In  line with the previous Water for all competition, with the support of the French  Academy of sciences, the Initiatives Award recognizes projects and innovations  contributing to increase access to water, sanitation and waste management  services in developing countries.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">Two  Awards of EUR 50,000 each will be presented at a ceremony to take place at the  Institut de France: </span></p>
<ul style="font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">The "Access to Essential Services" Award for an institution or non-profit  organization </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">The "Social Entrepreneurship" Award for a social entrepreneur in one of the  areas covered by the Award. </span></li>
</ul>
<p style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">Applications  are invited until March 15th, 2012.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">This  Award represents a good opportunity to encourage innovations which support  improved access to essential services (water, sanitation, waste management) in  developing countries.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">Please see  enclosed the application form.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">For more  information: <a title="http://www.prix-initiatives.com/" href="http://www.prix-initiatives.com/"><span title="http://www.prix-initiatives.com/">www.prix-initiatives.com</span></a> / <a title="http://www.institut-de-france.fr/appels-a-candidature/appel-&Atilde;&nbsp;-candidature-prix-suez-environnement-initiatives-jusquau-15-mars-2012" href="http://www.institut-de-france.fr/appels-a-candidature/appel-%C3%A0-candidature-prix-suez-environnement-initiatives-jusquau-15-mars-2012"><span title="http://www.institut-de-france.fr/appels-a-candidature/appel-&Atilde;&nbsp;-candidature-prix-suez-environnement-initiatives-jusquau-15-mars-2012">www.institut-de-france.fr</span></a></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: #000012; font-family: arial;">&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
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			<title><![CDATA[快过光速的中微子]]></title>
			<pubDate>Mon, 28 Nov 2011 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><!   /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">根据爱因斯坦的相对论，即物理学支柱之一、众所周知的公式</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"> E = MC&sup2;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">，迄今为止，光速始终被认为是不可逾越的。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">然而，法国国家科学研究院里昂核物理研究所的科学家发现了中微子的存在，它们是比光速跑得更快的粒子。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">这些令人瞠目的结果是由</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">达里奥&middot;奥替洛</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">和他的团队经过三年的精确测定和复杂分析后宣布的。科研人员是在<span>格兰萨索</span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">（意大利中部的阿布鲁齐地区）实验室，乳胶寻迹设备中微子振荡实验项目（以下简称</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">OPERA</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">项目）的装置上作的测定研究。该装置通过欧洲核子研究中心（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">CERN</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">）的粒子加速器发射中微子，这些带中性电荷、质量几乎为零的基本粒子到达</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">730</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">公里之外的<span>格兰萨索实验室，由实验室的巨型探测器采集。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">这段距离，光以每秒</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">299,792</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">公里的速度跑了千分之</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2.4</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">秒。而</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">OPERA </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">实验装置（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2006</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年开始启动）测量到的中微子跑到格兰萨索的速度比光速快了</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">纳秒（或者说十亿分之六十秒）。跑</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">730</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">公里的距离中微子比光提前</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">米到达。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">在法国国家科学研究院的一份公报中，</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">达里奥&middot;奥替洛这样解释道：&ldquo;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">我们在欧洲核子研究中心与格兰萨索实验室之间建立了一个纳秒级同步装置，使这两点的距离误差控制在</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">20</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">公分左右。这样的测量误差微乎其微，所得出的数据使我们坚信自己的研究结果。我们马上要做的是将此结果与来自其它实验的结果作比较核对，因为目前的资料我们还无法解释中微子超速的原因</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">&rdquo;。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">法国国家科学研究院的四个实验室参与了</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">OPERA</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">项目：里昂核物理研究所（设在里昂一大）、于贝&middot;居里安跨学科研究所</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"> (</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">设在斯特拉斯堡大学</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">)</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">、线性加速器实验室</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">(</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">设在巴黎十一大</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">)</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">、安纳西粒子物理实验室</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"> (</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">设在萨瓦大学</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">)</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">欧洲核子研究中心和法国国家科学研究院公布的结果是近三年收集的资料，记录了探测到的</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">16000</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">多个中微子，误差幅度仅为</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">10</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">纳秒。但是，</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">OPERA</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">项目的科学家希望开放这一结果，让物理学界更广泛地去验证它。国际科学家们在实验中捕捉一切缺陷，测量到的最后结果是一样的：中微子比预计的早得多到达目标，跑得比光快。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">格兰萨索地下实验室位于意大利罗马以南的</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">120</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">公里处，是世界最大的粒子物理和宇宙科研实验室。约有</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">750</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">名来自</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">22</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">个国家的科学家在此实验室从事科研。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">目前，美国的中微子震荡搜寻装置（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">Minos</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">）正在努力复制</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">OPERA</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">项目的实验内容，可能会在</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">2012</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">年获得首批结果。日本粒子物理实验团队也在进行东海</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">-</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">神冈（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">Tokai to Kamioka</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">）中微子测量实验，但测量距离仅</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">300</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">公里。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">这一重大国际实验项目从</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">2009</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">年开始直至</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">2011</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">年，近</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">200</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">名物理学家参加了实验。高能物理学界认为，现在应该用其它测量和分析方式来证实这一结果；理论界认为，光速是真正的宇宙常数，将超光速研究纳入粒子物理研究现在可能是时候了。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">阿尼克&middot;边奇尼（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;">Annik Bianchini</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">）文，</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">朱祥英译</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #333333;"><span>&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">相关网站：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">法国国家科学研究院：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.cnrs.fr/"><span>http://www.cnrs.fr</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: #333333;" lang="ZH-CN">欧洲核子研究中心：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.cern.ch/">www.<span>cern</span>.ch</a> </span></p>]]></description>
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			<title><![CDATA[伽利略全球卫星导航系统首批卫星升空]]></title>
			<pubDate>Wed, 23 Nov 2011 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><!   /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">2011</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">年</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">10</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">月</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">21</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">日，欧洲伽利略未来导航系统首批两颗卫星搭乘&ldquo;联盟&rdquo;运载火箭从法属圭亚那航天中心发射。伽利略系统将与美国的&ldquo;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">GPS</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">&rdquo;系统和俄罗斯的&ldquo;格洛纳斯&rdquo;系统（</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">GLONASS</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）相比肩。</span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">欧洲伽利略卫星定位系统的第一颗运行卫星已于今年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">月运抵圭亚那发射中心，</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">10</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">月</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">21</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">日，它同第二颗抵达的卫星一起升空。</span></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">这两颗卫星都是由圭亚那航天中心首枚&ldquo;联盟&rdquo;火箭发射的。<strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;">&ldquo;实现一箭双星升空的成功得益于有效荷载，即俄罗斯的运载火箭能实际搭载的负荷。这使我们能够在降低成本的同时加快卫星部署速度&rdquo;，</span></strong><span style="color: black;">图卢兹</span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">法国国家空间研究中心（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">CNES</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）伽利略计划实施负责人克洛德&middot;奥杜伊（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">Claude Audouy</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）这样解释。</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2005</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">7</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">月</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">19</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">日，法国国家空间研究中心与欧洲宇航局签署了一份在圭亚那航天中心引入&ldquo;联盟&rdquo;运载火箭的发展计划合同。经改进的俄罗斯运载火箭抵达圭亚那是欧洲与俄罗斯在航天运载火箭领域合作中一件史无前例的大事。这项中型运载火箭的合作是一项战略、技术和经济协作，以保障欧洲在航天领域提供更完整的服务；&ldquo;联盟&rdquo;的到来使阿丽亚娜空间公司的运载火箭行列增加了新成员。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>30</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">颗卫星的全球导航系统</span></strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">伽利略系统共由</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">30</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">颗卫星组成。</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">&ldquo;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">阿斯特里姆公司（</span><strong><em><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">Astrium</span></em></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）负责建造首批</span><span>4</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">颗运行卫星，首先用于最后阶段的测试工作，预计在</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">2014</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年初步投入运行。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">其它</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">26</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">颗卫星将交由一家德国企业</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">OHB</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">系统公司建造&rdquo;。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">由于伽利略系统卫星部署的密度和运行轨道的高度，它将提供更广的覆盖面和更精确的定位（精确到</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">1</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">米，而</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">GPS</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">则精确到</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">20</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">米）。实际上，在</span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">23&nbsp;222</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">的高度，伽利略系统的卫星将具有更大的倾角。这种高轨道卫星同时能够覆盖更高纬度的地区，从</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">-56&deg;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">直至</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">+ 56&deg;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black; font-weight: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">；从而保障更好的可靠性和连续性。</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">欧洲伽利略系统既具有独立性，又能与美国的</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">GP<strong><em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal;">S</span></em></strong></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">系统和俄罗斯的<strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal;">&ldquo;格洛纳斯&rdquo;系统</span></strong>兼容。最终，用户并不知道其使用的是一颗伽利略卫星，因为所有系统都是互补的。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">民用全球卫星导航系统</span></strong><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><!   /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">伽利略项目是一项卫星定位系统计划，</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">2005</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">年已经开始进行测试。它可以广泛服务于海、陆、空运输，搜救、抢险、公共工程、石油勘探、农业，或单纯地与某个地理测位系统相结合提供特别服务。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">&ldquo;面对美国的</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">GPS</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">和俄罗斯的&ldquo;<strong><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-weight: normal;">格洛纳斯</span></strong>&rdquo;定位系统，欧盟为了保持自主而萌生了建立欧洲伽利略系统的愿望。前两个系统都是由军方控制，而伽利略系统将完全是由民间控制运营&rdquo;，克洛德&middot;奥杜伊这样介绍。伽利略计划百分之百由欧盟委员会出资，欧洲宇航局承担系统开发工作，以保证提供民用和商用的最佳服务。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">黛尔芬&middot;巴莱（</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">Delphine Barrais</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）文，</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">朱祥英译</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">相关网站：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">阿斯特里姆公司：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.astrium.eads.net/fr/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.astrium.eads.net/fr/</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">法国国家空间研究中心：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.cnes.fr/">www.cnes.fr</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">欧洲宇航局</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;:<span>&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.esa.int/esaCP/index.html"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.esa.int/esaCP/index.html</span></a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">OHB</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">系统公司</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">&nbsp;: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.ohb-system.de/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.ohb-system.de/</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong></strong></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/229</link>
			<title><![CDATA[Internship in the EU delegation in Beijing : innovation in China]]></title>
			<pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2011 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Science, Technology and Environment Section  of the Delegation of the European Union to China is looking for an intern to  work on and science and technology (S&amp;T) issues for a duration of 6 months. </span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The intern will contribute to the work of the  section by monitoring research and innovation-related developments in China. In  particular, this will involve researching and analysing the EU and the Member  States&rsquo;- level innovation policies and projects with China. </span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">S/he will conduct research via the internet,  reports and other publications, and through contacts with Embassies and European  research and innovation organisations based in Beijing. He/She will produce  briefings and short reports on European innovation activities in China as a  contribution to the development of an EU research and innovation strategy in  relation to China. </span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Profile<br />- A European Union or Chinese  National;<br />- Fluent in English; <br />- Must have completed a university degree,  (preferably at Masters level).</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Main Tasks<br />- Analyse EU and EU Member States  cooperation activities in China in the fields of Science, Technology and  Innovation <br />- Prepare briefings and reports <br />- Participate in meetings and  prepare minutes;<br />- Liaise with EU Member State contacts in China and Chinese  authorities;<br />- Assist in the preparation and implementation of workshops,  meetings and events. </span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Internship<br />- Position is based at the EU  Delegation in Beijing;<br />- The internship is expected to start from January  2012;<br />- Internship is for six months;<br />- The position is unpaid;<br />- All  costs related to travel, accommodation, visa, health and accident  insurance,<br />&nbsp;etc. for the time in China are borne by the intern;<br />-&nbsp;A  candidate with a previous internship from a European Institution will not  be<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;eligible.</span></p>
<p><br /><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Please send a cover letter and your CV by  November 15th 2011 to</strong> Philippe Vialatte and Jessica Mitchell, </span><a title="mailto:delegation-china-scitech@eeas.europa.eu" href="mailto:delegation-china-scitech@eeas.europa.eu"><span style="color: blue; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><strong title="mailto:delegation-china-scitech@eeas.europa.eu">delegation-china-scitech@eeas.europa.eu</strong></span></a></p>]]></description>
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			<title><![CDATA[Programme ATIP – AVENIR]]></title>
			<pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2011 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p>Objectives<br />Under a partnership between Inserm and CNRS, a call for proposals is launched aimed at:<br />- Enabling young scientists to create and lead a team within an established<br />laboratory in France. The ATIP - AVENIR teams will strengthen the research of the host units but<br />will develop independently their own scientific project.<br />- Promoting mobility and attracting young team leaders of high-level working abroad.<br />The ATIP - AVENIR grant is allocated for a period of 3 years. After evaluation, it can be<br />extended for an additional 2 years.<br />It is open to any young scientists, whatever their present position and nationality, who have<br />defended their PhD (or equivalent doctoral degree) within the last 10 years (after December 31,<br />2001)1. Successful applicants will have to develop their projects within a structure in which<br />he/she has not been working for more than 18 months2 and will not find any previous mentors (of<br />PhD and/or postdoctorate). Laureates of a grant for the young researchers similar to the Atip-<br />Avenir program are not eligible (e.g. "Young investigator" or "Chairs of Excellence" ANR<br />programmes or &ldquo;ERC Starting Grant&rdquo;).<br />Projects must relate to Life sciences or Health. The interdisciplinary projects allying the biology to<br />the mathematics, physics, informatics, chemistry, etc., will be examined with a particular<br />attention. Applications from clinicians and qualified women are strongly encouraged.<br />Funding: minimum &euro; 280,000 for the first 3 years<br />- Annual grant of &euro; 60,000.<br />- Two-year salary for a postdoctoral researcher.<br />In addition, non-tenured successful applicants are guaranteed a monthly gross salary of &euro; 3,500<br />(before tax deduction).<br />The host laboratory will provide the team with a dedicated research area of about 50m&sup2; and<br />access to the local technological facilities.<br />Applicants may submit their proposal without an identified host laboratory but must then in<br />parallel contact Inserm and/or CNRS to help identifying a suitable scientific environment.</p>
<p>Selection procedure<br />Applications will be assessed by specialized international scientific committees with appropriate<br />experts3:<br />LS1 Molecular and Structural Biology, and Biochemistry;<br />LS2 Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology;<br />LS3 Cell Biology, Development and Evolution;<br />LS4 Physiology, Pathophysiology and Translational Research;<br />LS5 Neurosciences and Disorders of the nervous system;<br />LS6 Immunity, Infection and Microbiology;<br />LS7 Diagnostic tools, Therapies, Biotechnology and Public Health.<br />The selection will be done in two stages: shortlisting at the end of April 2012, and interviews of<br />the selected applicants early in June 2012. The final list of laureates and their host laboratories<br />will be established jointly by Inserm and CNRS early July 2012.<br />Applications must be submitted in electronic form4 before December 12th 2011<br />Proposals should be submitted on-line at:<br />https://www.eva2.inserm.fr/EVA/jsp/AppelsOffres/ATIP-AVENIR/index_INSERM_CNRS.jsp<br />1 Exceptions can be granted for maternity (one year per children) or military service leaves<br />2 Exceptions can be granted to teachers from university hospitals<br />3 Consult the themes of research covered by these juries following page<br />4 Consult the guide for applicants available online<br />Further information can be obtained from<br />Inserm<br />Christine Guillard and/or Christiane Durieux<br />atip-avenir@inserm.fr<br />or CNRS<br />Jean Houmard<br />atip-avenir@cnrs-dir.fr</p>
<p>Potential partners for the co-financing of projects in their scientific areas<br />ANRS (Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida et les h&eacute;patites virales), AFM (Association fran&ccedil;aise contre les myopathies), ARC (Association pour la recherche sur le cancer), ARD (Association<br />pour la recherche sur le diab&egrave;te), ARIIS (Alliance pour la recherche et l&rsquo;innovation des industries de la sant&eacute;), les conseils g&eacute;n&eacute;raux et r&eacute;gionaux, DGA (D&eacute;l&eacute;gation g&eacute;n&eacute;rale &agrave; l&rsquo;armement), DGOS<br />(Minist&egrave;re charg&eacute; de la sant&eacute; - direction g&eacute;n&eacute;rale de l&rsquo;offre de soins), EFS (Etablissement fran&ccedil;ais du sang), France Rhumatismes, la fondation Bettencourt Schueller, les h&ocirc;pitaux, INCa (Institut<br />national du cancer), les laboratoires Pierre Fabre, LNCC (Ligue nationale contre le cancer), MILDT (Mission interminist&eacute;rielle de lutte contre la drogue et la toxicomanie), Plan Cancer 2009-2013,<br />Sanofi, les universit&eacute;s.</p>
<p>ATIP-Avenir evaluation panels and fields of research covered by the<br />respective panels<br />LS1 Molecular and Structural Biology and Biochemistry:<br />Physico-chemical and biochemical studies of the interactions between macromolecules<br />Study of in vivo assembly of macromolecules in biological processes<br />DNA biosynthesis, modification, repair and degradation<br />RNA synthesis, processing, modification and degradation<br />Protein synthesis, modification and turnover<br />Biochemistry of signal transduction<br />Biochemistry and physiology of microorganisms<br />Biophysics<br />Structural biology (crystallography, NMR, EM) of single molecules or interacting partners<br />Computer modelling of 3D structures, reactivity predictions and molecular dynamics<br />LS2 Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology:<br />Genomics, comparative genomics, functional genomics<br />Transcriptomics<br />Proteomics<br />Metabolomics<br />Glycomics<br />Molecular genetics, reverse genetics and RNAi<br />Quantitative genetics<br />Epigenetics and gene regulation<br />Genetic epidemiology<br />Bioinformatics<br />Computational biology<br />Biostatistics<br />Systems biology<br />Biological systems analysis, modelling and simulation<br />Study of genome dynamics, gene transfer between unrelated species<br />Systems microbiology and modeling<br />Synthetic biology and new bio-engineering concepts<br />Systems Evolution, biological adaptation, phylogenetic, systematics<br />Biodiversity, comparative biology<br />LS3 Cell Biology, Development and Evolution:<br />Morphology and functional imaging of cells<br />Cell biology and molecular transport mechanisms<br />Cell cycle and division<br />Apoptosis<br />Cell differentiation, physiology and dynamics<br />Organelle biology<br />Cell signalling and cellular interactions<br />Signal transduction<br />Development, developmental genetics, pattern formation and embryology in animals or plants<br />Cell genetics<br />Stem cell biology<br />Evolution of developmental mechanisms<br />LS4 Physiology, Pathophysiology and Translational Research:<br />Organ physiology<br />Comparative physiology</p>
<p>Endocrinology<br />Ageing<br />Metabolism, biological basis of metabolism related disorders<br />Cancer and its biological basis<br />Cardiovascular diseases<br />Non-communicable diseases (except for neural/psychiatric and immunity-related disorders)<br />LS5 Neurosciences and Disorders of the nervous system:<br />Molecular and cellular neurobiology<br />Neuroanatomy and neurosurgery<br />Neurophysiology<br />Neurochemistry and neuropharmacology<br />Sensory systems<br />Mechanisms of pain<br />Developmental neurobiology<br />Cognition (e.g. learning, memory, emotions, speech)<br />Behavioural neuroscience (e.g. sleep, consciousness, handedness)<br />Systems neuroscience<br />Neuroimaging and computational neuroscience<br />Neurological and psychiatric disorders<br />LS6 Immunity, Infection and Microbiology:<br />Innate immunity<br />Adaptive immunity<br />Phagocytosis and cellular immunity<br />Immunosignalling<br />Immunological memory and tolerance<br />Immunogenetics<br />Mycology, Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology: Interaction of microorganisms with their<br />environment<br />Prevention and treatment of infection by pathogens (e.g. vaccination, antibiotics, fungicide)<br />Biological basis of immunity-related disorders<br />Allergy<br />New targets for drug development, resistance to drugs<br />LS7 Diagnostic tools, Therapies, Biotechnology and Public Health:<br />Medical engineering and technology<br />Diagnostic tools (e.g. genetic, imaging)<br />Pharmacology, pharmacogenomics, drug discovery and design, drug therapy<br />Analgesia<br />Toxicology<br />Gene therapy, stem cell therapy, regenerative medicine<br />Surgery<br />Radiation therapy<br />Genetic engineering, transgenic organisms, recombinant proteins, biosensors<br />Biotechnology, bioreactors, applied microbiology<br />Health services, health care research<br />Public health and epidemiology<br />Environment and health risks including radiation<br />Occupational medicine<br />Medical ethics</p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/226</link>
			<title><![CDATA[法国人荣获2011年诺贝尔医学奖]]></title>
			<pubDate>Fri, 11 Nov 2011 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><!   /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">法国人</span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼、</span></em><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">美国人</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">布鲁斯</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">巴特勒和加拿大人拉尔夫</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;<span lang="ZH-CN">斯坦曼</span>2011<span lang="ZH-CN">年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">&ldquo;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学获奖者</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">发现免疫系统激活的关键原理，革命性地改变人们对免疫系统的理解&rdquo;</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评审委员会在一份公报中这样认定。</span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼和</span></em><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">布鲁斯</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">巴特勒因在激活先天免疫方面的发现而分享一半诺贝尔奖，</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">另一半由</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">拉尔夫</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;<span lang="ZH-CN">斯坦曼获得，以奖励他发现</span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">树状细胞和它在适应性免疫中的作用</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">。在诺贝尔奖揭晓后几小时，评委获悉拉尔夫</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;<span lang="ZH-CN">斯坦曼已与世长辞。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼</span></em><span class="biodeet1blurb"><span>1964</span></span><span class="biodeet1blurb"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年进入</span></span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">斯特拉斯堡大学</span></em><span class="biodeet1blurb"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">分子细胞生物学</span></span><span class="biodeet1blurb"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">研究所，是位杰出的科学家，他那长长的获奖名单上今年又增添了诺贝尔奖。</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2010</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年曾</span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">获得免疫学罗森斯蒂尔</span></em><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">奖（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prix Rosenstiel</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2011</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年是</span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼</span></em><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">获奖丰硕的年份：</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">庆应义塾医学科学奖（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prix Keyo</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">、盖尔德纳基金会医学科学奖（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prix Gairdner </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）、</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">邵逸夫生命科学与医学奖（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prix Shaw </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）以及享有盛誉的法国国家科学院金质奖。法国高等教育与科研部认为，诺贝尔奖&ldquo;见证了法国科研领域取得的杰出科学成就&rdquo;。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼</span></em><span style="font-family: Arial;">1941</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年生于卢森堡，</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1970</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年取得法国国籍。身为斯特拉斯堡大学教授，生物学家</span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼将主要精力奉献给遗传机理和昆虫的先天免疫效应分子的研究，由此而成为享誉世界的专家。朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;">2007<span lang="ZH-CN">年至</span>2008<span lang="ZH-CN">年担任法国国家科学院院长，同时还是美国国家科学院、德国国家科学院和俄罗斯国家科学院院士。</span></span></em></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">从</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1980</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年起，</span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼决定集中所有精力用于研究一种极微小的飞虫，即一个世纪以来为世界各实验室所熟悉的果蝇</span></em><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">。</span><em><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼发现，与人类相反，果蝇不需要疫苗，因为它具有先天性免疫功能。</span></em><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">实际上，这种昆虫是一个简化了的生命系统，具备很多与哺乳动物相似的共同特点。在识别出果蝇防御过程中的主要受体时，生物学家更新了对脊椎动物免疫系统的理解。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">朱尔斯</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; font-style: normal;" lang="ZH-CN">霍夫曼同</span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">布鲁斯</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">&middot;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">巴特勒和</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">拉尔夫</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">&middot;<span lang="ZH-CN">斯坦曼在免疫学领域合作进行的研究，使人类发现了这一领域迄今为止还鲜为人知的受体，即</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">TLR</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">受体</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">(Toll Like Receptors)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">。这一重大发现能更好地理解</span></p>]]></description>
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			<link>/zh/publication-show/225</link>
			<title><![CDATA[法国科学家在实验室成功制造出红血球]]></title>
			<pubDate>Fri, 28 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">在实验室里从干细胞中培养出功能性红血球，然后再输入人体，法国是世界上第一个成功完成这项研究的国家。这是由法国国家健康和医学研究院、皮埃尔</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">-</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">玛丽·居里大学医学系附属圣安托万医院的吕克·杜埃教授及其巴黎科研小组与法国血液机构合作进行的一项研究。从体外培育干细胞中制造出红血球，这项研究成果已刊登在美国的《血液》杂志上。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">在法国和世界上，对输血的需求始终呈持续增长态势。为了防止可能出现的血源短缺，科学家们多年来一直在寻求找到天然血液替代品。“我们的第一个挑战就是制造出具备天然血液所有性能的功能性红血球，即向整个人体组织输送氧气”，吕克·杜埃教授这样介绍。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">从自愿捐血者的血液中提取干细胞，然后在富有生长因子的适宜的地方进行培养，到达新生期红血球阶段，再将其重新输入到同一捐血者的体内，并在体内完成红血球的成熟期。试验结果：人工培育红血球的生命期和生存率与传统输血红血球的生命期和生存率相似。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">一袋天然血液有</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">400</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">毫升，即</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">20 000</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">亿个细胞。而科学家们在实验室里成功制造出的红血球仅几十亿个。在脐带血中也都含有大量的这种造血干细胞。杜埃教授注意到：“由于脐带血干细胞有极强的繁殖力，它们能有效快速地替代造血干细胞”。另外从能够无限繁殖的成年多功能干细胞中也同样可以无限制生产这些红血球。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">那么下一阶段的研究目标是什么？</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2015</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">年，从在实验室制造红血球阶段过渡到工业化生产红血球。杜埃教授介绍说：“我们已经成立了一个由多个科研组和生物技术公司组成的集团，以发明工业化生产红血球的工具，目的是为了能可持续生产红血球。在未来三四年间，首先在临床试验，期限也是三到四年”。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">什么样的临床</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">应用值得期待呢</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">？ 在发达国家，临床应用首先服务于对血液需求最突出的人群。杜埃教授解释说：“这一研究成果尤其能服务于稀有血型的人群和需要反复输血才能具有免疫力的人 群”，“培育红血球输入人体对未来医学是一个重大突破，因为在天然血液无法企及的情况下，培育红血球可以为所有病人送去他们所需要的血型”。</span><em> </em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span>         </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">在一些不具备有效捐血制度的国家，这项研究新成果将可成为一种全面解决血液来源的方式。最终，这项成果的目的是补充来自捐献天然血液供应的短缺，并建立红血球生产工厂。但是这一切需要其它方面的科技进步，目前，对捐赠血的需求始终是必不可少的。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">阿尼克·边奇尼（</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Annik Bianchini</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">）文，</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">朱祥英译</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">相关网站</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">法国血液机构：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.dondusang.net/"><span>www.dondusang.net</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">法国<span class="st">国家健康和医学研究院</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">(Inserm)</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.inserm.fr/"><span>www.</span><span>inserm</span><span>.fr</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">皮埃尔·玛丽·居里大学：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.upmc.fr/"><span>www.upmc.fr</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">法国抗白血病协会：</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.upmc.fr/"><span>www.upmc.fr</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>]]></description>
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			<title><![CDATA[Call for application - Head of the Cordeliers Research Center - Paris]]></title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 06 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate> 
			<description><![CDATA[<p>Head of the Cordeliers Research Center, Paris</p>
<p><br />The Cordelier Research Center (CRC) is a center of excellence for multidisciplinary biomedical research in the center of Paris. With a staff of about 400 people, the current 19 teams focus their research on the regulation of major functions and the impact of their deregulation in the genesis and progression of diseases, in two departments: &ldquo;Physiology, Metabolism, Differentiation&rdquo; and &rdquo;Immunology, Cancer, Inflammation&rdquo;(http://www.crcjussieu.fr/crc/)</p>
<p>Under the academic patronage of the University Pierre and Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes and Inserm, the CRC interacts with several university hospitals (H&ocirc;tel-Dieu, H&ocirc;pital Europ&eacute;en Georges Pompidou (HEGP), La Piti&eacute;-Salp&eacute;tri&egrave;re) and is strongly involved in academic training in both universities. Through a strong synergism between scientists, clinicians and industry, the CRC has created the means of success of translational research. Several teams are involved in innovation in various fields such as imaging, identification of genetic, protein or cellular prognostic markers, production of molecules (monoclonal antibody) or generation of cells (dendritic cells or macrophage) for therapeutic use.</p>
<p><br />The excellence of the research has been recently acknowledged by the success of two projects within the frame of the French Excellence Initiative: the Institute of Cardio-Metabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) and the Labex Onco-Immunology.</p>
<p><br />The CRC has developed important core facilities including a modern animal facility with a transgenic service, a small-animal imaging platform, a core facility for in vivo and ex vivo studies of renal functions, an ex vivo cell imaging facility with a confocal microscopy service, flow cytometry, electron microscopy and laser micro dissection.</p>
<p><br /><em><strong>The evaluation of the CRC by the French National Evaluation Agency (AERES) will occur in the fall 2012 for a new 5-year term starting January 2014.</strong></em></p>
<p><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>The candidate:</strong></span></p>
<p><br />He/she is expected to prepare and present the scientific project of CRC in front of the visiting committee and will succeed the present director on 1st January 2014.</p>
<p><br />The candidate should demonstrate an excellent scientific standing with leading experience.</p>
<p><br />Evaluation of the candidates will be carried by a joint UPMC, UPD and Inserm selection committee.</p>
<p><br /><strong>Applications (including CV, list of publications, and cover letter)</strong> should be submitted electronically before 28 october 2011 at 6 pm, to:</p>
<p><br /><strong>UPMC,</strong> laurent.buisson@upmc.fr<br /><strong>UPD,</strong> vpcs@parisdescartes.fr</p>]]></description>
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